how far bullet has moved before that granule ignites and upon how fast that granule subsequently burns, which depends upon granule characteristics and local pressure). In some circumstances, such granules can reduce bullet muzzle energy because energy used to accelerate and heat said granules exceeds energy said granules can contribute to bullet!
5. Tertiary Ignition: Granules that primer plume does not heat sufficiently on any portion of surface to achieve ignition but which are subsequently heated sufficiently by nascent granule combustion to begin burning but only after bullet has moved more than perhaps 15% of distance to muzzle, such granules cannot contribute significantly to bullet acceleration because too little time exists for such granules to generate significant gases and because any such generated gases have too little time to work on bullet before it exits muzzle. Such granules almost certainly result in a loss of muzzle velocity, as described under heading 4, above.
6. Non-Ignition: Granules reaching muzzle before igniting. Such granules generate no gas to work on bullet and significantly reduce energy that can work on bullet, as described under heading 4, above.

With regard to item 1, above: It is important to recognize that smokeless propellant granules are generally extremely tough plastic objects that will normally tolerate surprisingly violent abuse – if this were untrue, internal ballistics would be an entirely different science! Hence, despite brisance of primer plume, as produced from flash hole, under normal circumstances, this jet pulverizes very few, if any, granules and it cannot simply bore a hole significantly far

Page 19
Go to Pg
Turn
4
6
8
10
12
2
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32